Explore the pathophysiology of valvular heart diseases: Stenosis impedes antegrade flow through valvular narrowing, while regurgitation results from incompetent closure, permitting retrograde leakage. This schematic delineates effects on tricuspid, mitral, pulmonic, and aortic valves—critical for precise echocardiographic assessment, hemodynamic evaluation, and therapeutic decision-making in clinical cardiology. #ValvularPathology #CardiacHemodynamics #Echocardiography #InterventionalCardiology