Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch et ...
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Lumbar spine anatomy and function

Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD Key Takeaways The lumbar spine includes five vertebrae that help with mobility and stability.Lumbar vertebrae are larger because they carry the load from ...
Lumbar radiculopathy is inflammation of a nerve root in the lower back that causes symptoms in the back and down the leg. Radiculopathy is pain and other neurological symptoms caused by the pinching ...