Complex diseases may not always progress in a gradual manner. In the early stages of complex diseases, obvious symptoms are usually not observable, but there is a commonality: there is a brief state ...

Identifying early-warning signals of a critical transition for a complex system is difficult, especially when the target system is constantly perturbed by big noise, which makes the traditional ...

Sleep is a fundamental need, just like food or water. "You'll die without it," said Keith Hengen, an assistant professor of biology at Washington University in St. Louis. But what does sleep actually ...